Microsoft on Tuesday unveiled a “community-first” AI infrastructure initiative in the United States that pledges to pay higher utility rates, expand local power supply, and replenish more water than its data centres consume as concerns grow over household bills and resource use.

The company said it will ask utilities and state commissions to set rates that fully cover the cost of serving its facilities and fund required grid upgrades, while collaborating early with power providers to add generation, transmission and substation capacity where needed. Microsoft added it will begin publishing water-use data for each US data centre region and invest in local replenishment projects, according to the company.

“Especially when tech companies are so profitable, it’s both unfair and politically unrealistic for our industry to ask the public to shoulder added electricity costs for AI,” Brad Smith, vice chair and president, said. The plan also includes training local residents for construction and operations roles and providing AI literacy programmes in data centre communities.

Smith, speaking in Washington, DC, emphasised a new approach to engagement with host communities, telling the Financial Times that “We need to be more transparent,” and, “In the past data centres were built without a lot of communication . . . that created a culture in our industry that we need to evolve and change.”

Political scrutiny has intensified as residential electricity prices rose by 5 per cent over the 12 months from October 2024, with double‑digit increases reported in states such as New Jersey and Virginia, the Financial Times reported. President Donald Trump said on Monday that big technology companies “must ‘pay their own way’,” adding “Congratulations to Microsoft. More to come soon,” in a social media post, according to Reuters.

The initiative follows friction over new facilities, including Microsoft cancelling a 244‑acre project in Wisconsin after local opposition, the Financial Times reported. The company said it is supporting a Wisconsin proposal to charge “Very Large Customers” full power costs to prevent them being passed on to consumers.

Analysts said transparency will be critical. Josh Price from Capstone told the Financial Times that “It is going to be increasingly incumbent on utilities and these large customers to communicate why and how this is not increasing rates.” Ari Peskoe from Harvard’s Electricity Law Initiative told the Financial Times that implementing the plan and ensuring no spillover costs to residential bills would be “devilishly complicated,” calling for “Full transparency about the deals.”

Microsoft referenced International Energy Agency estimates that US data centre electricity demand could rise from 200 to 640 terawatt‑hours per year by 2035 and said it has contracted 7.9 GW of new generation in MISO to support supply growth.

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